D-Amino acid metabolism in bacteria

Abstract Bacteria produce diverse d-amino acids, which are essential components of cell wall peptidoglycan. Incorporation these acids into peptidoglycan contributes to bacterial adaptation environmental changes and threats. d-Amino have been associated with growth, biofilm formation dispersal regulation metabolism. The diversity in bacteria is primarily due the activities amino acid racemases that catalyse interconversion d- l-enantiomers acids. Recent studies revealed possess multiple enzymes racemase activities. Therefore, elucidating metabolism by critical understand biological significance behaviour bacteria. In this review, we focus on metabolic pathways six types